please help me fix this.

I have a Vaio VGN-NR430d. I let a friend of mine try to fix my laptop and not long after i got it back, i started getting errors that read "you may be a victim of counterfeiting software". I rarely restart my computer, but after about a month of getting these errors, i opened up my laptop and cleaned out the fan. it ran for a while after that but then restarted it for the first time and i haven't been able to access my computer since.
When you start it up it gives you two options to start normally or launch startup repair. if you chose start normal, it says windows is loading files loads then switches to a microsoft corporation loading bar that runs until a black screen appears. if you leave the black screen for about ten minutes to half an hour it brings me it a half-sized backdrop of the blue windows picture with a moveable cursor.
if you go to start normal, it goes to starting windows screen, then flashes a blue screen and restarts. My disc drive doesn't work, but i have an external cd/dvd drive, an 8g usb, and another computer to work with. I still want my files from the harddrive though. Help?

 

To recover your personal files you could burn Hiren Boot CD and try the Mini Windows XP ,once you done that you could make a fresh new OS install,from your description you installed something that doesn't work correctly on your notebook.After the fresh install try to install ONLY SOFTWARE THAT YOU USE AND IS IMPORTANT!!!(install the drivers and utilities in the correct order,for this i thing there is somewhere here a tutorial try to look for it)

 

2 easy options here for getting your data off the internal drive -

1. As per Profy X's suggestion, use a Boot Disk to access your hard drive. All the popular Linux distros like Ubuntu allow you to download disk images and burn your own CDs that will run an operating system from rather than the OS in your hard drive. They also allow you to use the USB ports to copy files off onto external storage, and there are plenty of tutorials for how to do that all over the internet. As you say your internal optical drive is broken, make sure you rearrange the boot order in your BIOS so that the external drive is accessed before the internal hard drive. This can also be done with a bootable USB stick, and once again, plenty of tutorials out there in the internet as to how to do this.

2. Put the hard drive in an external enclosure and copy the data off it from another computer. There are some USB docking ports that just allow you to plug an internal drive in and use it like any other hard drive.

Of course, this is all assuming the drive itself isn't the broken bit of your laptop!